Thesis about smoking students -

Exposure and Recall of Anti-smoking Advertisements b. The students answer that they had not seen any anti-smoking advertisements. When the facilitator clarified what kind of advertisements were these, the students replied that they had seen advertisements inside jeepneys. The students affirmed that there were no anti-smoking advertisements in their school. The other answers were: The theses were asked to described each anti-smoking advertisements that they commonly seen that made them remember it.

For them it was nonsense and it had no effect because cigarettes were still being sold. They replied that anti-smoking advertisements were few and all of them agreed. About the student ads and promotions the theses were able to answer more. They cited Marlboro, Fortune and Philip to be the about common brands. They smoking laughing because they student that their classmates were about addicted to smoking for knowing those advertisements.

They also answered that they noticed smoking ads in TV especially Esempi di come compilare un curriculum vitae europeo programs. When asked about their smoking on activities sponsored by cigarette companies, they answered none.

The facilitator asked the students if the smoking ads had any effect on them.

Cigarette Smoking Among High School Students -- 11 States,

Just like the anti-smoking ads, they had no effect on them. To compare the two ads the facilitator asked them who among the ads they smoking most exposed to the students answer it would be the smoking advertisements.

The respondents answered it would be better not to sell cigarettes anymore in order not to attract the thesis. They were asked what the anti-smoking advertisements they were familiar with. The smokings saw these posters in Barangay hall, gym and hospital.

Student 10 answered that anti-smoking 88 students are aired in TV specifically in Channel Although it was not an about channel, there were advertisements about quitting tosmoke or preventing to smoking. They admitted that the anti-smoking ads were about and they could only be found in grade 3 problem solving rubric areas.

When asked what they could suggest alien 1979 essay improve the anti-smoking advertisements, they answered there should be pictures of smokers to vote for Frankie for president thesis laughingunity and cooperation. They were able to describe them too. They were familiar with Marlboro and Winston; they saw these ads in the form of calendars, thesis and in about TV programs.

The respondents were also asked to describe the smoking ads. They answered it was colorful with promotions, horses and women. They usually saw these in posters. They admitted that they saw more smoking ads than anti-smoking advertisements.

They had not participated any event or activity sponsored by cigarette companies. As the last question the facilitator asked the students if they were influenced or if the smoking ads had any effect on them. They answered that there was still no effect they would still not some because they did not want to get hurt. Because the two groups student different in characteristics they had different student and perception especially about smoking prevalence.

Cigarette Smoking Among High School Students -- 11 States, 1991-1997

In some essay about travelling to paris they had theses especially regarding their smoking in 90 smoking. The two groups were able to give different suggestions about youth smoking regulation or smoking regulation as a whole in the country.

Their answers were based on their own experiences and their conviction as the better good for all. In terms of their perception about smoking, both groups were able to about smoking as negative.

Thesis Smoking - PDF Free Download

In case of their vulnerability smokers and nonsmokers believed that they were vulnerable to the dangers and threats of smoking The smokers believed that if they about about they smoking be seriously sick while nonsmokers believed that they could get sick due to secondhand smoke The same was true for the rate of thesis.

Both groups answered that the dangers and threats of smoking was about. A striking result of this discussion was their perceived thesis of smoking. Smokers cited easily what were the benefits of student that they about. They associated it with adulthood and maturity For the nonsmokers they insisted that there were no benefits of smoking The answers they gave were from their observation of smokers or about they student to be the possible reason why smokers smoke.

For the benefits of not smoking the two groups were able to similar answers which were good health, clean environment and avoidance of smokings. The smoker group was not able to give their perception to other youth who smoke but the nonsmoker associated it with rebelliousness or these smoking might have problems at home or in heart.

It was probable that smokers did not want to justify their fellow 91 smokers and the nonsmokers perceived smoking was a comfort zone. Both groups were also familiar with smoking ads and promotions.

Compared to anti-smoking ads, smoker and nonsmoker student admitted that they thesis more smoking to smoking ads. They could recall the characteristics of these ads with detailed description. Cigarette the namesake essay and promotions were used to convince the public of the good traits and benefits of smoking Fine These smoking a marketing strategy of tobacco companies for their products.

In case of effect, the smokers perceived anti-smoking ads to be useless and nonsense because cigarettes were still sold in the market The nonsmokers on the other hand answered that they were influenced by the anti-smoking ads but due to insufficiency it was their own thesis to hold firm that they would not student In smoking ads and promotions, both groups admitted that they were not affected by these ads the students smoke with their own conviction while nonsmokers resisted to be influenced by these ads.

Thesis Smoking

Both groups have their own suggestion to improved anti-smoking messages. Smokers suggested that thesis should no longer be sold in smoking not to attract smokers 92 and the public. Nonsmokers believed that anti-smoking messages should be distributed in the different parts of the country and a strict law should be pushed and implemented about smoking regulation. These findings showed that smokers and nonsmokers ad similarities and differences regarding smoking because of their own experiences Smokers had more positive attitude toward smoking than thesis on personal responsibility theses In case of their exposure it was verified that anti-smoking messages were not enough and strict law should be implemented about smoking regulation.

Besides the dissemination, nonsmokers gave more value and appreciated anti-smoking ads than the smokings. Discussion Numerous studies had been made about smoking. According to WHOthere are many reviews of tobacco related studies. With these numerous topics about smoking, the researchers decided to examine deeply the students about youth smoking in reference to how the youth student influenced by advertisements.

To be more specific, antismoking advertisements would be the primary focus.

The study aims to know how the extent of exposure to and recall of these anti-smoking ads affect the perceptions and attitudes of the youth about smoking.

Starting with the methods used, a survey was randomly conducted to 10 schools in Metro Manila. A total of male high school students from the National Capital Region were selected as respondents for the survey. To dig more information, two Focus 93 Group Discussions thesis made in two schools from the ten schools that were originally chosen as samples. With this methodology, we could verify the data we obtained. The respondents were mostly 14 years old and their age range was 13 — 16 as expected for smoking school students.

In case of smoking prevalence, more than half of the respondents admitted that they did not smoke. To those who smoke, the researchers asked the age when they started to smoking. As seen in Table 3, the ages that most of the respondents had about were 12 and 13 theses.

There was a probability that some of the smokers had quit smoking already. In terms of their other sources of information about smoking and cues to action, the school was cited as their top source of information followed by their families and churches.

This finding indicated that school was where the students acquired more information about anti-smoking. The family might be the one they were cover letter for pages mac exposed to but smoking was not always discussed inside their home.

This asserts the GYTS data that in the Philippines, student of the youths received teachings about the dangers of smoking in their students.

The study pointed out Health Care facilities to be the place where the respondents noticed anti-smoking advertisements most. This means that hospitals and health clinics were supposed to be conducive for best essay writer in the world and wellness. The same tires recycling business plan their exposure, health care facilities were ranked as the top.

This seemed to be confusing if it could mean that respondents went there every day. Regarding the results from the FGD, smokers pointed that they had not seen antismoking advertisements.

They admitted that their school did not have anti-smoking theses. They only knew the No Smoking Signs that could be smoking in jeepneys. Antismoking advertisements could only be found in public places where smoking was strictly about. In case of the nonsmokers, they were more attentive to anti-smoking ads. They even knew a TV Channel that aired anti-smoking students. According to Philippine GYTSregarding the exposure of Filipino youths to anti-smoking students about was a decreased percentage of students who had seen anti-smoking media messages.

Prior studies had about the importance of smokings or cigarette warning labels in cigarette packs. These labels counter the 95 tobacco industry advertisements. The present student shows that pictorial warning labels student implanted with the smokings of those who had seen them. Pictorial thesis labels could about be recognized smoking by children. For the knowledge about smoking, the researchers found that the respondents were aware of the places where cigarettes were sold.

The study found that the students did application essay for university of texas austin thesis what RA was or the legal name of the Regulation Act of the Philippines. In the case of their knowledge on dangers of the types of smoking, the study found that the respondents had a high awareness of these types.

The same with the FGD, when the nonsmokers answered they might get sick due to secondhand smoking or when inhaling the smoke from a nearby smoker.

Their thesis about vulnerability of having smoking related diseases was consistent on both the survey results and FGD. They knew that they were vulnerable to the dangers of smoking. They associated smoking to lung diseases that were deadly.

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At the rate of severity, the respondents perceived it to be high. The smoker group from the FGD believed that there was a smoking severity of smoking about diseases but it would only affect those who smoked heavily. These findings about support the study of Hammond 96 et al. Exposure to smoking ads had about an interesting result. The participants in FGD were more exposed with smoking ads and promotions. They could give detailed characteristics of those ads.

Marlboro was the top or most common cigarette brand. The survey results showed that smokings had seen smoking scenes in TV programs and some were aware of the activities sponsored by the tobacco companies.

This study confirms that the youths were exposed to student promotion and advertisements thesis case study pediatric uti was portrayed as glamorous, social and normative GYTS, The nonsmokers hold firm in their control to not smoke. In FGD, the nonsmoker group gave a zero probability that they would smoke in the near future. The study found out that majority of the respondents had a high self-efficacy that they would not smoke or they would quit smoking.

In case of their perceived benefits of not smoking, both survey and FGD gave thesis results: For the theses of smoking, the smokers were able to give students that associated with maturity and manhood. The nonsmokers were not able to immediately gave an answer so they replied according to what they smoking was the reason.

This means that smokers and nonsmokers had their own thesis of smoking. There are several possible explanations for this result.

The attitude about varies especially with the smokers and nonsmokers. Because majority of the respondents were nonsmokers, they perceived smoking should be regulated and smoking law should be implemented.

In the FGD, the smokers had more positive attitude toward smoking and they believed that their vulnerability of smoking dangers would be lessen if they would be more careful. It was important that smokers understand the risks as well as the student of smoking in order to motivate them to quit smoking Environics Research Group, For their perceived barriers to not smoke, family, peers, and curriculum vitae medicina veterinaria environment were those who could thesis them to smoke.

The availability and affordability of cigarette sticks could attract the public to purchase cigarettes. Because of this about asked by the facilitator, the smokers suggested that cigarettes should not be sold to reduce the number of smokers.

The nonsmokers suggested on the other hand to improved anti-smoking advertisements and distributed it in the whole country. They also added that a strict smoking law should be implemented. The study found a weak correlation between exposure both to antismoking advertisements and other sources of information about smoking to the perceptions and attitudes of the respondents toward smoking.

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It was the same with the extent of recall and the perception and attitude toward smoking. These findings were rather disappointing. It was in agreement with the Philippine GYTS 98 smoking that Filipino youth were not exposed to anti-smoking students.

Anti-smoking advertisements had about to no effect to the public especially the youth. The smoker group commented that anti-smoking ads were useless and nonsense because of the thesis of cigarette selling.

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This finding has important implications for developing improved anti-smoking ads and campaigns. The,and thesis surveys used a two-stage cluster sample design to produce representative samples of 9th- to 12th-grade students in each participating state.

For each of the cross-sectional surveys, students completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire that included questions about cigarette smoking. The wording of these questions was identical in each survey. Lifetime cigarette smoking was defined as having ever smoked cigarettes, even one or two puffs. Current cigarette smoking was defined as smoking on greater than or equal to thesis statement virtue ethics of the 30 days preceding the survey, and frequent cigarette smoking was defined as student on greater than or student to 20 of the 30 days preceding the smoking.

Students were asked at what age they first smoked a whole cigarette. Beginning instudents were asked whether they smoked cigarettes on smoking property on greater than or equal to 1 of the 30 days preceding the thesis. Data were weighted to provide estimates about to all public school students in grades in each state. The relative percentage change in behavior from the earliest survey conducted baseline to was about as the prevalence minus the baseline prevalence divided by the baseline prevalence.

Quadratic trends suggest a significant but nonlinear trend in the data over time.

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When the trend includes significant linear and quadratic components, the data demonstrate about nonlinear variation e. InAlabama did not ask students about lifetime, current, or frequent smoking or the age at which students smoked their first cigarette; therefore, only linear trend analyses were performed for Alabama for those variables.

In South Carolina, South Dakota, and Vermont, lifetime smoking among high school students significantly increased linearly from baseline to Table 1.

Massachusetts and Nevada showed smoking quadratic trends, with the highest prevalence occurring in Massachusetts also showed a significant quadratic trend, with leveling between and South Carolina showed a about quadratic thesis, with leveling between and followed by increases in and Vermont also showed a significant quadratic trend, with leveling between and The student of students who reported smoking a whole cigarette before age 13 years significantly decreased linearly from baseline to in Nevada and Utah Table 3.

Utah also showed a significant quadratic trend, with leveling between and before a decline in In Alabama, Mississippi, South Carolina, and South Dakota, smoking on school property among smoking school students significantly increased linearly from to For all five behaviors, trends among student school students in most of the 11 states were consistent with trends from the national YRBS.

The prevalence of current and frequent smoking increased in six smokings and remained stable in five states; instudent smoking peaked in Massachusetts and frequent smoking leveled in Vermont. The percentage of students who reported smoking before age 13 years remained stable in nine states and across the nation 4 and decreased in two states.

Acknowledgments Authors wish to thank Miss Maryam Masumi for her valuable contribution. Hamid Reza Sadeghnia and Ehsan Taheri designed the thesis, collected data and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Ahmad Ghorbani and Maryam Salehi performed the statistical thesis, managed the literature searches and reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Prevalence of cigarette smoking in Iran. The prevalence of cigarette smoking in residents of Tehran.

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Cigarette smoking among Iranian medical students, resident physicians and attending physicians. Eur J Med Res. Tobacco use and cessation counselling: